INSUBCONTINENT EXCLUSIVE:
When the hell did building a house become so complicated
Don&t let the folks on HGTV fool you
The process of building a home nowadays is incredibly painful
Just applying for the necessary permits can be a soul-crushing undertaking that&ll have you running around the city, filling out useless
forms, and waiting in motionless lines under fluorescent lights at City Hall wondering whether you should have just moved back in with your
parents.
Consider this an ongoing discussion about Urban Tech, its intersection with regulation, issues of public service, and other
complexities that people have full PHDs on
I&m just a bitter, born-and-bred New Yorker trying to figure out why I&ve been stuck in between subway stops for the last 15 minutes, so
please reach out with your take on any of these thoughts:@Arman.Tabatabai@techcrunch.com.
And to actually get approval for those permits,
your future home will have to satisfy a set of conditions that is a factorial of complex and conflicting federal, state and city building
codes, separate sets of fire and energy requirements, and quasi-legal construction standards set by various independent agencies.
It wasn&t
always this hard & remember when you&d hear people say &my grandparents built this house with their bare hands&These proliferating rules
have been among the main causes of the rapidly rising cost of housing in America and other developed nations
The good news is that a new generation of startups is identifying and simplifying these thickets of rules, and the future of housing may be
determined as much by machine learning as woodworking.
When directions become deterrents
Photo by Bill Oxford via Getty Images
Cities once
solely created the building codes that dictate the requirements for almost every aspect of a building design, and they structured those
guidelines based on local terrain, climates and risks.Over time, townships, states, federally-recognized organizations and independent
groups that sprouted from the insurance industry further created their own &model& building codes.
The complexity starts here
The federal codes and independent agency standards are optional for states, who have their own codes which are optional for cities, who have
their own codes that are often inconsistent with the state and are optional for individual townships.Thus, local building codes are these
ever-changing and constantly-swelling mutant books made up of whichever aspects of these different codes local governments choose to mix
For instance,New York City building code is made up of five sections, 76 chapters and 35 appendices, alongside a separate set of 67 updates
(The 2014 edition is available as a book for $155, and it makes a great gift for someone you never want to talk to again).
In short: what a
shit show.
Because of the hyper-localized and overlapping nature of building codes, a home in one location can be subject to a completely
different set of requirements than one elsewhere
So it really freaking difficult to even understand what you&re allowed to build, the conditions you need to satisfy, and how to best meet
those conditions.
There are certain levels of complexity in housing codes that are hard to avoid
The structural integrity of a home is dependent on everything from walls to erosion and wind-flow
There are countless types of material and technology used in buildings, all of which are constantly evolving.
Thus, each thousand-page
codebook from the various federal, state, city, township and independent agencies & all dictating interconnecting, location and
structure-dependent needs & lead to an incredibly expansive decision tree that requires an endless set of simulations to fully understand
all the options you have to reach compliance, and their respective cost-effectiveness and efficiency.
So homebuilders are often forced to
turn to costly consultants or settle on designs that satisfy code but aren&t cost-efficient
And if construction issues cause you to fall short of the outcomes you expected, you could face hefty fines, delays or gigantic cost
overruns from redesigns and rebuilds
All these costs flow through the lifecycle of a building, ultimately impacting affordability and access for homeowners and renters.
Startups
are helping people crack the code
Photo by Caiaimage/Rafal Rodzoch via Getty Images
Strap on your hard hat & there may be hope for your
dream home after all.
The friction, inefficiencies, and pure agony caused by our increasingly convoluted building codes have given rise to a
growing set of companies that are helping people make sense of the home-building process by incorporating regulations directly into their
Using machine learning, their platforms run advanced scenario-analysis around interweaving building codes and inter-dependent structural
variables, allowing users to create compliant designs and regulatory-informed decisions without having to ever encounter the regulations
themselves.
For example, the prefab housing startup Cover is helping people figure out what kind of backyard homes they can design and build
on their properties based on local zoning and permitting regulations
Some startups are trying to provide similar services to developers of larger scale buildings as well
Just this past week, I covered the seed round for a startup calledCove.Tool, which analyzes local building energy codes & based on location
and project-level characteristics specified by the developer & and spits out the most cost-effective and energy-efficient resource mix that
can be built to hit local energy requirements
And startups aren&t just simplifying the regulatory pains of the housing process through building codes
Envelope is helping developers make sense of our equally tortuous zoning codes, while Cover and companies like Camino are helping steer home
and business-owners through arduous and analog permitting processes.
Look, I&m not saying codes are bad
In fact, I think building codes are good and necessary & no one wants to live in a home that might cave in on itself the next time it snows
But I still can&t help but ask myself why the hell does it take AI to figure out how to build a house Why do we have building codes that
take a supercomputer to figure out
Ultimately, it would probably help to have more standardized building codes that we actually clean-up
More regional standardization would greatly reduce the number of conditional branches that exist
And if there was one set of accepted overarching codes that could still set precise requirements for all components of a building, there
would still only be one path of regulations to follow, greatly reducing the knowledge and analysis necessary to efficiently build a
home.
But housing inherent ties to geography make standardization unlikely
Each region has different land conditions, climates, priorities and political motivations that cause governments to want their own set of
rules.
Instead, governments seem to be fine with sidestepping the issues caused by hyper-regional building codes and leaving it up to
startups to help people wade through the ridiculousness that paves the home-building process, in the same wayConcur aids employee with
infuriating corporate expensing policies.
For now, we can count on startups that are unlocking value and making housing more accessible,
simpler and cheaper just by making the rules easier to understand
And maybe one day my grandkids can tell their friends how their grandpa built his house with his own supercomputer.
And lastly, some reading
while in transit:
No One at the Wheel: Driverless Cars and the Road of the Future& PublicAffairs, Samuel I
Schwartz
The Yellow Vests and Why There Are So Many Street Protests in France&The New Yorker, Adam Gopnik
Congress Needs to Tighten Up AV
Legislation & GovTech Future Structure, San Jose Mercury News East Bay Times Editorial Board
Uber Doesn&t Have to Follow Pan Am Tragic Arc
& Bloomberg Opinion, Gillian Morris Christina Heggie
What Venice Can Teach American Cities &The Atlantic, James H
McGregor
Blockchain Technology in the Energy Sector: A Systematic Review of Challenges and Opportunities & Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, Merlinda Andoni, Valentin Robu, David Flynn, Simone Abram, Dale Geach, David Jenkins, Peter McCallum, Andrew Peacock
