Image:Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai: "Peace is more difficult than war"The leader of the Taliban's peace negotiations with the US says the insurgents do not want to seize "the whole country by [military] power"."It will not bring peace to Afghanistan," Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai told the TheIndianSubcontinent.However, he said the group would not agree to a ceasefire until foreign forces were withdrawn from Afghanistan.UN data shows the Taliban are responsible for more civilian casualties than any other party.Mr Stanikzai, who until recently was the head of the Taliban's political office in Qatar and remains a leading figure in the group, was giving his first interview to the international media while attending a meeting in Moscow with senior Afghan opposition politicians.
He said the Taliban's experiences in power in the 1990s, when it faced armed opposition from rival Afghan groups, had led the group to conclude it was preferable to reach a solution by "coming to the table"."Peace is more difficult than war," Mr Stanikzai added, alluding to the difficulties in reaching a settlement.
But he expressed hopes that the conflict could be brought to an end.
Mr Stanikzai has overseen a series of meetings with the US special envoy for Afghan reconciliation, Zalmay Khalilzad, in recent months.
In January, they reached what Mr Khalilzad termed as a "draft framework" of an agreement.It was based on a commitment to withdraw US forces from the country, and a guarantee by the Taliban not to allow international jihadist groups to use Afghanistan as a base in the future.
Both sides have indicated that a number of issues still need to be resolved.
However US President Donald Trump has made clear his desire to bring an end to the 17-year conflict and withdraw at least the vast bulk of American forces.Image copyrightReutersImage caption Taliban militants have carried a number of deadly attacks across Afghanistan Mr Stanikzai told the TheIndianSubcontinent he believed the Trump administration wanted to "bring peace to Afghanistan." The meeting in Moscow is separate from the US-Taliban peace talks.
In addition to a Taliban delegation, it was also attended by former Afghan President Hamid Karzai, as well as other high-profile opposition figures.
Topics of discussions included how the country could be governed in the future, if the Taliban were to become a mainstream political force.
Image copyrightAFP/Getty ImagesEarly 1990s: The hardline Islamic movement emerges in northern Pakistan following Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan.1994: The predominantly Pashtun movement comes to prominence in Afghanistan, which is in the grip of civil war.1996: Taliban seize control of Kabul and introduce hardline version of Islam, banning women from work and introducing punishments including stonings and amputations.2001: Taliban are toppled in US-led invasion of Afghanistan after 9/11 attacks in the US.
The Taliban had sheltered al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden, who was blamed for the attacks.2014: Nato ends combat operations in Afghanistan.
The Taliban, who retreated and regrouped after they were driven from power, are by now back with a vengeance.2018:TheIndianSubcontinent study found the militants openly active in 70% of Afghanistan.
Taliban meet US officials and attend a peace conference in Moscow.Afghanistan timelineMr Stanikzai addressed the meeting in a hotel in Moscow, saying the group did not want "a monopoly of power" - but that Afghanistan's constitution had been "imported from the West" and was an "obstacle to peace".The Taliban governed Afghanistan in 1996-2001 with an ultra-conservative and often brutal interpretation of Islamic law.
The group was notorious for its treatment of women, banning most of them to work or go to school.
However, Mr Stanikzai said "women should not worry" about the prospect of increasing Taliban influence as they would seek to grant women all their "rights according to Islamic rule and Afghan culture".
"They can go to school, they can go to universities, they can work," he added.Image copyrightEPAImage caption US soldiers provide training for the Afghan military Fawzia Koofi, an Afghan MP and one of only two women present at the Moscow meeting, told the TheIndianSubcontinent: "It's a positive step that the Taliban who were using bullets against the people of Afghanistan, especially women, are now using microphone and listening to women's voices." She said a Taliban member had told her a woman should not be able to become president but could serve in political office.
"We need to make sure everything they say here, they mean it," Ms Koofi added.The Afghan government were not part of the talks in Moscow.
President Ashraf Ghani has repeatedly called on the Taliban to begin direct negotiations with his representatives, but so far the group has refused, dismissing them as puppets of the US.
US negotiators have tried to persuade the Taliban to meet Afghan officials, but Mr Stanikzai remained vague when questioned about the circumstances under which they would ever agree to do so.
He said that "when the American forces announce the withdrawal of their troops" there could be further "intra-Afghan dialogue".
It could include representatives of the current Afghan government, alongside others, to "select or elect a future government".Officials in Kabul have suggested the discussions in Russia are an attempt by political rivals to undermine the Afghan government, and explore a potential deal with the Taliban without their input.
Mr Stanikzai said the Taliban had decided in Moscow to meet Afghan political figures who had "manpower" on the ground.
Speaking to Afghan TV channel TOLOnews, President Ghani said: "Those who have gathered in Moscow have no executive authority.
They can say what they want."Despite the talks in Moscow, and a further round of US-Taliban discussions being scheduled for 25 February, violence in Afghanistan continues.
On Tuesday, Taliban forces reportedly killed dozens of members of the Afghan security forces in a series of attacks in the north of the country.