Nepal

Kathmandu, September 14

The main opposition Nepali Congress today handed over a memorandum to Home Minister Ram Bahadur Thapa seeking action against those involved in the incident that took place in Banke on Thursday.

A group of Nepal Communist Party (NCP) cadres allegedly attacked NC leaders and cadres during their nationwide awareness campaign, which led to injury of dozens of NC leaders, including septuagenarian NC District President Kiran Koirala, who had her hand fractured.

Three district heads of Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur, Krishna Baniya, Durlav Thapa and Madan Amatya respectively submitted the memorandum to the home minister in his office today morning. The memorandum reads, &A group of 13 to 14 local leaders and cadres of NCP attacked the NC leaders with the intention of killing them.&

NC leaders were attacked during a programme held inside the Red Cross hall in Sitapur of Khajura Rural Municipality as per the instructions of Ward Chair of Khajura Rural Municipality-1 Suman Malla, stated the memorandum.

&NCserious attention has been drawn to the incident where cadres of ruling party attacked dozens of our leaders,& the memorandum reads.

It also accused the government of not taking timely action to avoid the untowardincident. &Some 50 to 60 NCP cadres took to the street to protest the NCpeaceful programme, but security personnel did not bother to take necessary measures to prevent a possibleclash. We take it as planned action,& reads the memo further.

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Kathmandu, September 14

For Prabina Maharjan, it started with a headache, which then turned into fever and body pain.

When she finally turned up at the Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital a week ago, tests showed something odd for this high-elevation city: dengue fever, a scourge more associated with Nepal&s low-lying tropics.

But as climate change brings hotter temperature, disease threats are shifting & and this year Kathmandu, Nepalcapital in the Himalayan foothills, is seeing an unprecedented surge of dengue patients.

In just the first week of September, more than 1,000 cases of the fever were diagnosed at the citySukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, a quarter of them contracted dengue in the Kathmandu area, said Anup Bastola, the hospitalchief tropical medicine consultant.

In previous years, the hospital mainly witnesssed cases of the painful and occasionally fatal disease in people coming from Nepalsouthern low lands, he said. &But this year we saw many cases from the Kathmandu Valley itself,& he added.

In a city that has never faced such a large local outbreak, fear of dengueis so rife that people are flooding to hospitals for testing, even ifthey turn out to have a simple headache or seasonal flu, the doctor said.

&The flow of patient is so high that the staff are busy testing blood samples upuntil late in the night,& Bastola said.

Those in the testing lines included 39-year-old Maharjanmother and son, who also turned out to have caught the mosquito-carried illness, though weren&t hospitalised for a week as she was. &We were astonished to be infected by a disease that is generally considered a disease of the Tarai,& said Maharjan, referring to a southern tropical region of Nepal.

Like many, she is puzzled why the disease is now taking off in hilly Kathmandu, which lies at 1,400 metres (4,600 feet).

&There were mosquitoes in the valley in past years too, but we never heard about the outbreak of this disease in such a large scale,& Maharjan said.

As climate change brings hotter conditions in many countries, health threats are rapidly changing, with many authorities under prepared, international public health officials warn.

According to data published by Nepaldisease control division, more than 250 cases of locally contracted dengue were detected in the Kathmandu Valley between mid-July and early September, two of them fatal. Last year, the valley saw only six cases, according to the agency&sfigures.

Meghnath Dhimal, chief research officer at the governmentNepal Health Research Council, said rising temperature associated with climate change are the major driver of the new threat.

&In Nepal, the first outbreak of this disease occurred in 2006, when only five districts were affected. But this year the disease was found in 56 out of 77 districts,& he said.

Warmer conditions help spread the disease both by making it easier for mosquitoes to reproduce, and by spurring the virus itself to replicate faster.

&Migration of infected mosquitoes and human cases from the tropicalparts (of Nepal) plays a role in seeding the disease in new areas,& he said.

Because there is no vaccine or particular medicine to treat dengue,reducing the number of mosquitoes is the main way to reduce its spread, Dhimal said.

But Nepalgovernment, confronted with a fast-rising threat, so far has not put in place enough programs to do that, he said.

&As the highlands were rarely previously affected by dengue, people and government official are not well-prepared to prevent and control thedisease& he said.

&In most cases, efforts to battle the problem start only after it has gained ground,& he said.

&The insects that are not eliminated this year will (lay eggs and) surge again next year after it starts getting to a favourable temperature,& Dhimal said.

Another obstacle in controlling the disease is simplythe lack of awareness among many people about the emerging threat.

For example, residents may protect themselves against mosquito bites atnight, but the dengue-carrying mosquito bites during the day, something few people in Kathmandu know, he said.

A study he led in 2012 found people in lowland Nepal were five times more likely than people in highland areas to understand dengue risks.

&If highland Nepal is to successfully fight back against dengue awareness of people and control of the vector by effective governmentaction and community mobilisation can be the only effective step,& Dhimal said.

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